I'm with db and Jim J on their suggestions.  Use the "slow" epoxy and a credit card or similar type of spreader to get light coverage over the superficial scratches and to fill the deeper ones.  I didn't see anything that looks like it needs patching.  Epoxy should fill those deeper gouges just fine though it will probably take 2-3 coats to get them back up to the same level as the rest of the canoe.  Patching would only be necessary if you plan on really abusing the canoe in rocks/rivers.  If you'll be doing normal touring and avoid giving the canoe a severe beating there's no way you'll stress those areas enough for them to fail, especially if you fill with epoxy.

I've filled a couple good gouges on my own canoe with this process.  My gouges had exposed kevlar just as yours did.  The hardest step is getting started.  Once you get going, you'll quickly gain confidence and by the time you are done you'll wonder what the heck you were so worried about to start with!

I always carry a duo syringe pack of "quick" epoxy and a small piece of fiberglass cloth as part of my repair kit on any canoe trip.  The quick stuff won't make a good permanent repair but it will certainly get you out of the woods should you damage the canoe to the point where duct tape won't provide enough of a temporary fix.  You can get those syringes of quick epoxy at Home Depot or probably any other good-sized hardware store in their "glue" section.

Good luck and let us know how it goes.